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who had been

  • 1 Taraka (In Hindu mythology, the demon who had been granted a boon that he could only be killed by a son of Shiva)

    Религия: Тарака

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Taraka (In Hindu mythology, the demon who had been granted a boon that he could only be killed by a son of Shiva)

  • 2 department heads who had been held over from the previous administration

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > department heads who had been held over from the previous administration

  • 3 Celestine (Pope from October 25 to November 10, 1241, who was the first Pope to be elected in a conclave, which had been set up by the senator of Rome, Matthew Rosso Orsini, who hoped to break a deadlock in the College of Cardinals)

    Религия: Целестин IV

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Celestine (Pope from October 25 to November 10, 1241, who was the first Pope to be elected in a conclave, which had been set up by the senator of Rome, Matthew Rosso Orsini, who hoped to break a deadlock in the College of Cardinals)

  • 4 Azariah (One of the three young men who praised God after they had been placed in the midst of the fiery furnace during a persecution of Jews in Babylon)

    Религия: Азария

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Azariah (One of the three young men who praised God after they had been placed in the midst of the fiery furnace during a persecution of Jews in Babylon)

  • 5 Hananiah (One of the three young men who praised God after they had been placed in the midst of the fiery furnace during a persecution of Jews in Babylon)

    Религия: Анания

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Hananiah (One of the three young men who praised God after they had been placed in the midst of the fiery furnace during a persecution of Jews in Babylon)

  • 6 Leo (Pope from 847 to 855 who rebuilt Rome after it had been sacked by the Saracens in 846 and fortified the city to protect it against future attacks. In church affairs, he took a firm hand against abuses by important ecclesiastics)

    Религия: Лев IV

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Leo (Pope from 847 to 855 who rebuilt Rome after it had been sacked by the Saracens in 846 and fortified the city to protect it against future attacks. In church affairs, he took a firm hand against abuses by important ecclesiastics)

  • 7 Mishael (One of the three young men who praised God after they had been placed in the midst of the fiery furnace during a persecution of Jews in Babylon)

    Религия: Мисаил

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Mishael (One of the three young men who praised God after they had been placed in the midst of the fiery furnace during a persecution of Jews in Babylon)

  • 8 who's who

       1) "ктo ecть ктo", биoгpaфичecкий cпpaвoчник
        Once upon a time I got a circular from a Mr. John Parker asking for some details of myself to be put in the pages of a Who's Who in the Theatre (S. Owho's whoCasey)
       2) вaжныe лицa, цвeт oбщecтвa
        The wedding... was attended by a Who's Who of Boston society (A. Hailey). When they had been seated, Jennifer looked around the room and recognized half a dozen celebrities. "This place is like a Who's Who,' she said (S. Sheldon)

    Concise English-Russian phrasebook > who's who

  • 9 have had it/have got it

    иметь сполна, ""нахлебаться досыта"": — Не 's got it "", the doc said when he examined the man who had been shot.— Он свое получил,— обронил доктор, осмотрев гангстера после перестрелки с полицией.иметь сполна, ""нахлебаться досыта"": — Не 's got it "", the doc said when he examined the man who had been shot.— Он свое получил,— обронил доктор, осмотрев гангстера после перестрелки с полицией.

    English-Russian slang from the book M. Goldenkova "Caution, hot dog" > have had it/have got it

  • 10 have had it

    разг.
    1) утратить популярность, привлекательность; устать от чего-л.; надоесть, осточертеть

    Quiz shows have had it. (RHD) — Вечера вопросов и ответов перестали пользоваться успехом.

    He's been drinking like a fool, but now He's had it. — Он напивался как скотина. Теперь не пьет. Самому надоело.

    2) испытать превратности судьбы; дойти до предела (страданий); потерпеть поражение, неудачу; разориться; умереть

    He was a great pitcher, but after this season he'll have had it. (RHD) — Он был замечательный бейсболист. Но после этого сезона и ему придется покинуть спорт.

    He felt he was capable of enduring pain but after that experience he'd had it. (WD) — Он считал, что хорошо переносит боль, но на этот раз боль была нестерпима.

    When the doctor examined the man who had been shot, he said, ‘He's had it.’ (DAI) — Осмотрев раненого, доктор сказал, что песенка его спета.

    3) упустить возможность, не суметь показать себя в выгодном свете

    He refused to take any more excuses and told them all that they'd had it. (RHD) — Он не стал больше выслушивать никаких оправданий и сказал им всем, что им так и не удалось проявить себя с лучшей стороны.

    Large English-Russian phrasebook > have had it

  • 11 Cookworthy, William

    [br]
    b. 1705 Kings bridge, Devon, England
    d. 16 October 1780 Plymouth, England
    [br]
    English pioneer of porcelain manufacture in England.
    [br]
    The family fortunes having been extinguished by the South Sea Bubble of 1720, Cookworthy and his brother had to fend for themselves. They set up, and succeeded, in the pharmacy trade. At the age of 31, however, William left the business, and after a period of probation he became a minister in the Society of Friends. In a letter of 5 May 1745, Cookworthy mentions some samples of kaolin and china or growan stone that had been brought to him from Virginia. He found similar materials at Treginning Hill in Cornwall, and between 1755 and 1758 he found sufficiently pure china clay and china stone to make a pure white porcelain. Cookworthy took out a patent for his discovery in 1768 which covered the manufacture of porcelain from moonstone or growan and growan clay, with a glaze made from china stone to which lime and fern ash or magnesia alba (basic carbonate of magnesium) were added. Cookworthy's experiments had been carried out on the property of Lord Camelford, who later assisted him, in the company of other Quakers, in setting up a works at Coxside, Plymouth, to manufacture the ware; the works employed between fifty and sixty people. In the absence of coal, Cookworthy resorted to wood as fuel, but this was scarce, so in 1770 he transferred his operation to Castle Green, Bristol. However, he had no greater success there, and in 1773 he sold the entire interest in porcelain manufacture to Richard Champion (1743–91), although Cookworthy and his heirs were to receive royalties for ninety-nine years. Champion, who had been working with Cookworthy since 1764 and was active in Bristol city affairs, continued the firm as Richard Champion \& Co., but when in 1775 Champion tried to renew Cookworthy's patent, Wedgwood and other Staffordshire potters challenged him. After litigation, the use of kaolin and china stone was thrown open to general use. The Staffordshire potters made good use of this new-found freedom and Champion was forced to sell the patent to them and dispose of his factory the following year. The potters of Staffordshire said of Cookworthy, "the greatest service ever conferred by one person on the pottery manufacturers is that of making them acquainted with china clay".
    [br]
    Further Reading
    W.Harrison, 1854, Memoir of William Cookworthy by His Grandson, London. F.S.Mackenna, 1946, Cookworthy's Plymouth and Bristol Porcelain, Leigh on Sea: Lewis.
    A.D.Selleck, 1978, Cookworthy 1705–80 and his Circle, privately published.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Cookworthy, William

  • 12 initial

    [i'niʃəl] 1. adjective
    (of, or at, the beginning: There were difficulties during the initial stages of building the house.) indledende; første
    2. noun
    (the letter that begins a word, especially a name: The picture was signed with the initials JJB, standing for John James Brown.) initial
    3. verb
    (to mark or sign with initials of one's name: Any alteration on a cheque should be initialled.) underskrive med initialer

    [-ʃieit]

    1) (to start (eg a plan, scheme, changes, reforms etc): He initiated a scheme for helping old people with their shopping.) påbegynde; iværksætte; indføre

    2) (to take (a person) into a society etc, especially with secret ceremonies: No-one who had been initiated into the society ever revealed the details of the ceremony.) optage; indvie

    [-ʃiət]

    (a person who has been initiated (into a society etc).) en optagen; en indviet

    - initiation
    - initiative
    * * *
    [i'niʃəl] 1. adjective
    (of, or at, the beginning: There were difficulties during the initial stages of building the house.) indledende; første
    2. noun
    (the letter that begins a word, especially a name: The picture was signed with the initials JJB, standing for John James Brown.) initial
    3. verb
    (to mark or sign with initials of one's name: Any alteration on a cheque should be initialled.) underskrive med initialer

    [-ʃieit]

    1) (to start (eg a plan, scheme, changes, reforms etc): He initiated a scheme for helping old people with their shopping.) påbegynde; iværksætte; indføre

    2) (to take (a person) into a society etc, especially with secret ceremonies: No-one who had been initiated into the society ever revealed the details of the ceremony.) optage; indvie

    [-ʃiət]

    (a person who has been initiated (into a society etc).) en optagen; en indviet

    - initiation
    - initiative

    English-Danish dictionary > initial

  • 13 article

    ˈɑ:tɪkl
    1. сущ.
    1) статья( в газете, журнале) Syn: composition
    2) статья, параграф (часть письменного текста) Syn: paragraph, section
    3) статья, пункт, клаузула (юридического документа) ;
    пункт обвинительного акта article of the Constitution ≈ статья конституции to be under articlesбыть связанным контрактом Syn: enactment, act
    4) церковный догмат the Thirty-nine Articles ≈ 39 догматов англиканского вероисповедания articles of faithсимвол веры, кредо
    5) мн. соглашение, договор I have just received the articles of capitulation. ≈ Я только что получил соглашение о капитуляции.
    6) вещь, предмет article of clothingпредмет одежды article of food ≈ продукт питания article of property ≈ предмет собственности articles of trade, articles of commerceпотребительские товары Syn: piece
    7) грам. артикль definite articleопределенный артикль indefinite article ≈ неопределенный артикль
    8) момент, критическая точка article of death ≈ момент смерти Syn: juncture, moment
    9) амер.;
    сл. тип (раньше - о рабах, рассматриваемых как предмет купли-продажи) Listen, you sloppy article, who was on guard from twelve to two last night? ≈ Послушай, ты, грязный тип, кто был вчера на страже с двенадцати до двух? ∙ in the article of death ≈ в момент смерти
    2. гл.
    1) предъявлять пункты обвинения (against) The defendant had been articled for an ecclesiastical offence. ≈ Подсудимый был обвинен в оскорблении церкви.
    2) отдавать по контракту в учение their brother, who had been articled to an attorney ≈ их брат, отданный по контракту в обучение к юристу
    предмет;
    вещь - toilet *s туалетные принадлежности - saleable * ходкий товар - taxed * товар, облагаемый пошлиной - * of luxury предмет роскоши - * of luggage место (багаж) - *s of uniform( военное) предметы обмундирования - *s of consumption потребительские товары - what is this *? это что за вещь?;
    как называется этот предмет? статья (в печатном издании) - leading * передовая статья( газеты) - *s on gardening статьи о садоводстве пункт, параграф, статья - final * заключительная статья - the first * of the Constitution первая статья конституции пункт обвинительного акта договор, соглашение - Articles of Confederation (американизм) (историческое) Договор об образовании конфедерации тринадцати английских колоний в Северной Америке (первая конституция США;
    1781 г) - Articles of War военный кодекс( в США) - Articles of apprenticeship( историческое) условия договора между учеником и хозяином - Articles of Association устав акционерного общества - *s of incorporation (американизм) свидетельство о регистрации корпорации - to be under *s быть связанным договором - *s of employment трудовое соглашение - in *s в течение срока ученичества /стажировки/ (грамматика) артикль - the definite * определенный артикль (церковное) догмат - *s of faith символ веры, кредо - the Thirty-nine Articles "39 статей", свод догматов англиканской церкви (американизм) (сленг) тип, личность, штучка - smart * проныра, ловкач - you sloppy *! ах ты грязнуля! - who is that cute * over there? кто она, вот эта хорошенькая штучка? (устаревшее) момент - in the * of death в момент смерти (зоология) сегмент предъявлять пункты обвинения обвинять( историческое) отдавать по контракту в учение поступить или принять на работу в качестве стажера - to * an apprentice взять в ученики (на определенный срок) - he *d with a Halifax law firm он стажируется в юридической конторе в Галифаксе
    advertising ~ предмет рекламы
    ~ предмет, изделие, вещь;
    an article of clothing предмет одежды;
    an article of food продукт питания
    ~ предмет, изделие, вещь;
    an article of clothing предмет одежды;
    an article of food продукт питания
    article грам. артикль ~ вещь, предмет, товар ~ вещь ~ изделие ~ отдавать по договору в обучение ~ отдавать по контракту в учение ~ параграф ~ предмет, изделие, вещь;
    an article of clothing предмет одежды;
    an article of food продукт питания ~ предмет торговли, товар;
    articles of daily necessity предметы первой необходимости ~ предмет торговли ~ предъявлять обвинение ~ предъявлять пункты обвинения (against - против кого-л.) ~ пункт, параграф;
    the Articles of War военный кодекс (сухопутных войск Англии и США) ;
    the Thirty-nine Articles 39 догматов англиканского вероисповедания ~ пункт ~ статья, пункт, параграф ~ статья;
    leading article передовая статья ~ инф. статья ~ статья договора ~ товар
    in the article of death в момент смерти
    ~ of movable property объект движимого имущества
    ~ of the Constitution статья конституции;
    main articles of trade основные статьи торговли;
    to be under articles быть связанным контрактом
    ~ предмет торговли, товар;
    articles of daily necessity предметы первой необходимости
    ~ пункт, параграф;
    the Articles of War военный кодекс (сухопутных войск Англии и США) ;
    the Thirty-nine Articles 39 догматов англиканского вероисповедания articles: ~ of war (в США) военный кодекс
    ~ of the Constitution статья конституции;
    main articles of trade основные статьи торговли;
    to be under articles быть связанным контрактом
    boost an ~ рекламировать товар boost an ~ способствовать росту популярности товара
    brand name ~ товар с торговым знаком
    branded ~ товар с торговым знаком
    bulk ~ насыпной товар
    cut-price ~ товар по сниженной цене cut-price ~ уцененный товар
    cut-rate ~ товар по сниженной цене cut-rate ~ уцененный товар
    high grade ~ товар высокого качества
    ~ статья;
    leading article передовая статья
    luxury ~ предмет роскоши
    ~ of the Constitution статья конституции;
    main articles of trade основные статьи торговли;
    to be under articles быть связанным контрактом
    manufactured ~ изделие manufactured ~ товар
    mass-produced ~ товар массового производства
    movable ~ предмет движимого имущества
    newspaper ~ газетная статья newspaper ~ статья в газете
    partnership ~ статья о партнерстве
    second-rate ~ товар второго сорта
    special line ~ изделие специального ассортимента
    stock an ~ хранить товар на складе
    ~ пункт, параграф;
    the Articles of War военный кодекс (сухопутных войск Англии и США) ;
    the Thirty-nine Articles 39 догматов англиканского вероисповедания

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > article

  • 14 Bouch, Sir Thomas

    SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering
    [br]
    b. 22 February 1822 Thursby, Cumberland, England
    d. 1880 Moffat
    [br]
    English designer of the ill-fated Tay railway bridge.
    [br]
    The third son of a merchant sea captain, he was at first educated in the village school. At the age of 17 he was working under a Mr Larmer, a civil engineer, constructing the Lancaster and Carlisle railway. He later moved to be a resident engineer on the Stockton \& Darlington Railway, and from 1849 was Engineer and Manager of the Edinburgh \& Northern Railway. In this last position he became aware of the great inconvenience caused to traffic by the broad estuaries of the Tay and the Forth on the eastern side of Scotland. The railway later became the Edinburgh, Perth \& Dundee, and was then absorbed into the North British in 1854 when Bouch produced his first plans for a bridge across the Tay at an estimated cost of £200,000. A bill was passed for the building of the bridge in 1870. Prior to this, Bouch had built many bridges up to the Redheugh Viaduct, at Newcastle upon Tyne, which had two spans of 240 ft (73 m) and two of 260 ft (79 m). He had also set up in business on his own. He is said to have designed nearly 300 miles (480 km) of railway in the north, as well as a "floating railway" of steam ferries to carry trains across the Forth and the Tay. The Tay bridge, however, was his favourite project; he had hawked it for some twenty years before getting the go-ahead, and the foundation stone of the bridge was laid on 22 July 1871. The total length of the bridge was nearly two miles (3.2 km), while the shore-to-shore distance over the river was just over one mile (1.6 km). It consisted of eighty-five spans, thirteen of which, i.e. "the high girders", were some 245 ft (75 m) long and 100 ft (30 m) above water level to allow for shipping access to Perth, and was a structure of lattice girders on brick and masonry piers topped with ironwork. The first crossing of the bridge was made on 26 September 1877, and the official opening was on 31 May 1878. On Sunday 28 December 1879, at about 7.20 pm, in a wind of probably 90 mph (145 km/h), the thirteen "high girders" were blown into the river below, drowning the seventy-five passengers and crew aboard the 5.20 train from Burntisland. A Court of Enquiry was held and revealed design faults in that the effect of wind pressure had not been adequately taken into account, faults in manufacture in the plugging of flaws in the castings, and inadequate inspection and maintenance; all of these faults were attributed to Bouch, who had been knighted for the building of the bridge. He died at his house in Moffat four months after the enquiry.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted. Cross of St George.
    Further Reading
    John Prebble, 1956, The High Girders.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Bouch, Sir Thomas

  • 15 drink in smth. with one's mother's milk

    (drink (или suck) in smth. with one's mother's milk)
    впитать что-л. с молоком матери

    If the Tiger died, Poincare would take his place; and the professors who had been scolding Clemenceau now had a sickening realization that he was a genius and a statesman compared with his probable successor, a dull pasty-faced lawyer who came from Lorraine, and therefore had drunk in hatred of Germany with his mother's milk. (U. Sinclair, ‘World's End’, ch. 30) — Если Тигр умрет, иметь дело придется с Пуанкаре, и профессора, которые до сих пор критиковали Клемансо, вдруг со страхом сообразили, что он все-таки человек большого государственного ума по сравнению со своим вероятным преемником, тупым толстощеким адвокатом, родившимся в Лотарингии и всосавшим ненависть к немцам вместе с молоком матери.

    ‘They suck in the jobs with their mother's milk.’ Pickering had complained. For that, Pickering had named them all "mother's-milk men". (J. Aldridge, ‘I Wish He Would Not Die’, part II, ch. 15) — - Они всасывают свои звания с молоком матери, - жаловался как-то Пикеринг. За это он прозвал их "сосунками".

    Large English-Russian phrasebook > drink in smth. with one's mother's milk

  • 16 Coimbra, University of

       Portugal's oldest and once its most prestigious university. As one of Europe's oldest seats of learning, the University of Coimbra and its various roles have a historic importance that supersedes merely the educational. For centuries, the university formed and trained the principal elites and professions that dominated Portugal. For more than a century, certain members of its faculty entered the central government in Lisbon. A few, such as law professor Afonso Costa, mathematics instructor Sidônio Pais, anthropology professor Bernardino Machado, and economics professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar, became prime ministers and presidents of the republic. In such a small country, with relatively few universities until recently, Portugal counted Coimbra's university as the educational cradle of its leaders and knew its academic traditions as an intimate part of national life.
       Established in 1290 by King Dinis, the university first opened in Lisbon but was moved to Coimbra in 1308, and there it remained. University buildings were placed high on a hill, in a position that
       physically dominates Portugal's third city. While sections of the medieval university buildings are present, much of what today remains of the old University of Coimbra dates from the Manueline era (1495-1521) and the 17th and 18th centuries. The main administration building along the so-called Via Latina is baroque, in the style of the 17th and 18th centuries. Most prominent among buildings adjacent to the central core structures are the Chapel of São Miguel, built in the 17th century, and the magnificent University Library, of the era of wealthy King João V, built between 1717 and 1723. Created entirely by Portuguese artists and architects, the library is unique among historic monuments in Portugal. Its rare book collection, a monument in itself, is complemented by exquisite gilt wood decorations and beautiful doors, windows, and furniture. Among visitors and tourists, the chapel and library are the prime attractions to this day.
       The University underwent important reforms under the Pombaline administration (1750-77). Efforts to strengthen Coimbra's position in advanced learning and teaching by means of a new curriculum, including new courses in new fields and new degrees and colleges (in Portugal, major university divisions are usually called "faculties") often met strong resistance. In the Age of the Discoveries, efforts were made to introduce the useful study of mathematics, which was part of astronomy in that day, and to move beyond traditional medieval study only of theology, canon law, civil law, and medicine. Regarding even the advanced work of the Portuguese astronomer and mathematician Pedro Nunes, however, Coimbra University was lamentably slow in introducing mathematics or a school of arts and general studies. After some earlier efforts, the 1772 Pombaline Statutes, the core of the Pombaline reforms at Coimbra, had an impact that lasted more than a century. These reforms remained in effect to the end of the monarchy, when, in 1911, the First Republic instituted changes that stressed the secularization of learning. This included the abolition of the Faculty of Theology.
       Elaborate, ancient traditions and customs inform the faculty and student body of Coimbra University. Tradition flourishes, although some customs are more popular than others. Instead of residing in common residences or dormitories as in other countries, in Coimbra until recently students lived in the city in "Republics," private houses with domestic help hired by the students. Students wore typical black academic gowns. Efforts during the Revolution of 25 April 1974 and aftermath to abolish the wearing of the gowns, a powerful student image symbol, met resistance and generated controversy. In romantic Coimbra tradition, students with guitars sang characteristic songs, including Coimbra fado, a more cheerful song than Lisbon fado, and serenaded other students at special locations. Tradition also decreed that at graduation graduates wore their gowns but burned their school (or college or subject) ribbons ( fitas), an important ceremonial rite of passage.
       The University of Coimbra, while it underwent a revival in the 1980s and 1990s, no longer has a virtual monopoly over higher education in Portugal. By 1970, for example, the country had only four public and one private university, and the University of Lisbon had become more significant than ancient Coimbra. At present, diversity in higher education is even more pronounced: 12 private universities and 14 autonomous public universities are listed, not only in Lisbon and Oporto, but at provincial locations. Still, Coimbra retains an influence as the senior university, some of whose graduates still enter national government and distinguished themselves in various professions.
       An important student concern at all institutions of higher learning, and one that marked the last half of the 1990s and continued into the next century, was the question of increased student fees and tuition payments (in Portuguese, propinas). Due to the expansion of the national universities in function as well as in the size of student bodies, national budget constraints, and the rising cost of education, the central government began to increase student fees. The student movement protested this change by means of various tactics, including student strikes, boycotts, and demonstrations. At the same time, a growing number of private universities began to attract larger numbers of students who could afford the higher fees in private institutions, but who had been denied places in the increasingly competitive and pressured public universities.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Coimbra, University of

  • 17 New Christians

       Term applied to Portuguese of Jewish descent who had been converted to Christianity after the 1496 expulsion of Jews law of King Manuel I. Jews had settled in Portugal since the early years of the monarchy, and by the late 15th century, a significant minority of Jews was dominant in agriculture, medicine, crafts, finance, and government. Part of King Manuel's marriage contract with a Spanish princess decreed the expulsion of Jews in Portugal, following what had occurred in Spain in 1492. Those persons who had converted to Christianity after the 1496 expulsion law in order to avoid having to leave Portugal were termed "New Christians" (Cristãos-Novos) to distinguish them from "Old Christians," the remainder of the Christian population. For centuries thereafter, New Christians suffered persecution and discrimination in Portugal, both at the hands of the Inquisition (after 1536) and from other sectors of society. It was not until the laws passed by the Marquis de Pombal regime in the 1770s that official discrimination in holding public office in Portugal was ended in the case of the New Christians. Some New Christians only formally adopted Catholicism and as "Crypto-Jews" practiced corrupted forms of Judaic belief in remote provincial towns such as Belmonte, in Beira Alta province. Such practices continued into the 20th century
        See also Converso; Marrano.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > New Christians

  • 18 Shillibeer, George

    SUBJECT AREA: Land transport
    [br]
    fl. early nineteenth century
    [br]
    English coachbuilder who introduced the omnibus to London.
    [br]
    Little is known of Shillibeer's early life except that he was for some years resident in France. He served as a midshipman in the Royal Navy before joining the firm of Hatchetts in Long Acre, London, to learn coachbuilding. He set up as a coachbuilder in Paris soon after the end of the Napoleonic Wars, and prospered. Early in the 1820s Jacques Laffite ordered two improved buses from Shillibeer. Their success prompted Shillibeer to sell up his business and return to London to start a similar service. His first two buses in London ran for the first time on 4 July 1829, from the Yorkshire Stingo at Paddington to the Bank, a distance of 9 miles (14 km) which had taken three hours by the existing short-stagecoaches. Shillibeer's vehicle was drawn by three horses abreast, carried twenty-two passengers at a charge of one shilling for the full journey or sixpence for a part-journey. These fares were a third of that charged for an inside seat on a short-stagecoach. The conductors were the sons of friends of Shillibeer from his naval days. He was soon earning £1,000 per week, each bus making twelve double journeys a day. Dishonesty was rife among the conductors, so Shillibeer fitted a register under the entrance step to count the passengers; two of the conductors who had been discharged set out to wreck the register and its inventor. Expanded routes were soon being travelled by a larger fleet but the newly formed Metropolitan Police force complained that the buses were too wide, so the next buses had only two horses and carried sixteen passengers inside with two on top. Shillibeer's partner, William Morton, failed as competition grew. Shillibeer sold out in 1834 when he had sixty buses, six hundred horses and stabling for them. He started a long-distance service to Greenwich, but a competing railway opened in 1835 and income declined; the Official Stamp and Tax Offices seized the omnibuses and the business was bankrupted. Shillibeer then set up as an undertaker, and prospered with a new design of hearse which became known as a "Shillibeer".
    [br]
    Further Reading
    A.Bird, 1969, Road Vehicles, London: Longmans Industrial Archaeology Series.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Shillibeer, George

  • 19 go through the mill

    много испытать в жизни, пройти суровую школу; бывать в переделках, в передрягах

    ...she had for him the fellow-feeling of one who had been through the same mill. (J. Galsworthy, ‘Over the River’, ch. XXXVII) —...она сочувствовала Тони, как человек, переживший то же самое.

    ‘Now he won't pay the rise. How are we ever going married unless I save some money?’ ‘My dear, you'll succeed in the end. I don't doubt it; I don't want you to doubt either. Everybody has to go through the mill.’ (R. Greenwood, ‘Mr. Bunting’, ch. XVI) — - Теперь он не хочет давать мне прибавки. А как же мы поженимся, если я не скоплю немного денег? - Милый, в конце концов ты непременно добьешься успеха. Я в этом не сомневаюсь. И ты в этом не должен сомневаться. А что сейчас плохо - не беда. Через это все проходят.

    ‘You have been through the mill, comrade!’ he said. ‘We will make a fighter out of you!’ (U. Sinclair, ‘The Jungle’, ch. XXIX) — - Вы прошли сквозь огонь и воду, товарищ! - сказал он. - Мы сделаем из вас бойца!

    Large English-Russian phrasebook > go through the mill

  • 20 the cynosure of all eyes

    книжн.
    центр внимания [выражение впервые встречается в произведении Дж. Мильтона ‘L'Allegro’, 1632:
    Bosom'd high in tufted trees,
    Where perhaps some beauty lies,
    The cynosure of neighbouring eyes]

    The boy, who had been beautiful as a star had ever been the cynosure of her eyes. (A. Trollope, ‘The Way We Live Now’, ch. 2) — Мальчишка, хорошенький как херувим, всегда был для матери светом в окошке.

    He was now major of a great city, the cynosure of all eyes. (Th. Dreiser, ‘The Titan’, ch. XXXIX) — Теперь он был мэром большого города и у всех на виду.

    Before long we had all trooped into the drawing-room. The Scotland Yard men were the cynosure of all eyes. (A. Christie, ‘The Mysterious Affair at Styles’, ch. VII) — Вскоре мы все собрались в гостиной. Сотрудники Скотланд-Ярда были в центре внимания.

    Large English-Russian phrasebook > the cynosure of all eyes

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